PERSONAL TEXT

INTRODUCTION

 

 

Listening is a complex problem for the students,  that are studying a foreign language like English in this case;   students have no control over the speed,  they felt frustrated, when  cannot hear the pronunciation clearly;  the role of the teacher is to know several listening task, guide, book, techniques to help them in the process.  Listening includes comprehension about words, phrases, etc.

 

In this work students can find a lot of information about the listening strategies that can help students  to develop of listening. Learning strategies help students to development listening skills in possible problems for language learners, intonation and stress key to understanding and being understood, how to practice English listening comprehension skills, teaching listening, cognitive strategies. 

 

My proposal is find information about strategies to develop skills of listening because in this time is difficult to find good English teacher, for that I wanted to search strategies to students that are studying English and want to became an excellent English teacher. 

 

STRATEGIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LISTENING SKILLS 

 

Learning strategies is very important for the process of learning language such  as  English in this case,   because they have tools to facilitate learning, to enjoy and become easy; when the tools are used correctly, they help   to improve their skills.  There are two types of listening strategies: direct strategies and indirect strategies. 
 

Direct strategies:  In this type of strategies, the student used the memory  to create, to imitate, to combine images with sounds, to do list of new words;  when student do not hear something clearly or when they cannot catch the words; the strategies are  that the listener do not  need to hear every word, listener can guess systematically using clues; students need to have sufficient grammatical knowledge to  use linguistic clues of the target language; using other clues, listener need vocabulary be familiar to correctly interpret what is heard; knowing the main idea the student can determines the content, how point  Brown(1990-pp154) helps listener to guess the meaning of unknown words, they will be searching for a meaning that best fits within the topic “frame” . As well, listener can get some useful information from other clues like “background noise” on the other hand to the student is very important includes knowledge of the topic and the world culture, it is of great help to improve listening.

 

Memory games in the class room help to listening when the teacher  gave information for the students is a good technique because student has to memorize the information to play for  better the listening, either or on a test that teach memorization techniques they can apply. .

 

Top –down strategies: This strategy is to student have background knowledge of the world, of discourse, students can keep up listening books and gave expectation before listening.  An activity to help the student is listen short stories until they understand, then student  write up a short story without listening the story, it help student  to remember some words, and recognize the main idea on the text and found the important points from the story.

 

The use the songs with lyrics is a good strategy to help, to increase motivation. Another reason is the teaching possibilities that the lyrics of songs provide in order to design exercises for an English class. In this context is very difficult an English listening because the contact with native speakers is difficult but we can contact we can find movies, catalogs, instructions, videogames, products, documents, academic information, magazines, music, etc. All these productions are possibilities to enter in contact with English. 

 

Cognitive strategies:  These strategies help to reflect about learning and practice in different context, identify details, recognize differences, and recognize similarity, include repeating some words because they more frequently than others; too is  very important to pay attention to intonation, pauses and speech patterns for example listening, reading songs many times, help to development of listening.

 

Compensation strategies: These strategies are to guess the meaning clues about mime, gesture that people used to communicate in a foreign language.

 

Indirect strategies

 

Metacognitive strategies: This strategies help to students improve their process of learning a foreign language. Student has a purpose for listening, like a mental plan to follow. Student pays attention when people are speaking, too establishes plans to study English and student can practice the pronunciation with help of the mirror.

Affective strategies: Self –monitoring: student must be to monitor, to revise their selves, to recognize the mistakes; it help them to improve in the process of listening. There are many ways that help the student to achieve the listening; work in small groups is a good away to practice listening, doing activities about specific topics, where student can try to understand listening carefully and can try to comprehend the information in order to construct the picture. 

Social strategies: Student has the opportunity to practices with other people, to talk, to listen, to recognize mistakes, to better the pronunciation, this activity provide a relaxed, friendly and cooperative classroom atmosphere.

 

CONCLUSION

 

There are many strategies for the development of listening skills, but the most important is that the student have autonomy, responsible, discipline, dedication, habit, interest, passion, whole this with help of strategies, the student will improve listening.

 

This work has been very interested because it show to students interested in learning listening, that the most important to student is that if they want to development skills, all depend of their self, because the teacher is a guide, that help them with advise, he recommend tools to work, but their selves are one responsible and free to take the decision to choose the different strategies that help them to development listening.

 

In the development the learning process student must avoid barriers in the process of listening, when students translate into the native language, when people are talking, the better idea is no concentrate on detail, student have to understand the main topic, we must be relaxing an enjoy this process. 

 

BIBLIOGRAPHY

 

Véliz, Mauricio. Language Learning Strategies (LLSs) and L2 motivation associated with L2 pronunciation development in pre-service teachers of English.Lit. linguist. No. 25 Santiago 2012. 

Gómez, A. Sandoval, M. Sáez k. ESL listening comprehension: Effect of explicit metacognitive strategy training for its development. Rla. Revista de lingüística teórica y aplicada, vol. 50 no.1 concepción 2012 pp. 69-93. 

Orrego, L. Diaz, A. The use of foreign language learning strategies in English and French. Ikala vol.15 no.24 Medellin Jan./apr.2010